Unit 2 6-8% of Test SAQ, LEQ, no DBQ
Unit 2 Learning Objective-Explain the context for the colonization of North America from 1607-1754
Unit Concepts
Unit Concepts
- Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for resources
- Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and imperial goals involving land and labor that shaped the social and political development of their colonies as well as their relationships with native populations
- in the 17th century, early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast, with regional differences that reflected various environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors
- Competition over resources between European rivals and American Indians encouraged industry and trade and led to conflict in the Americas
- Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and imperial goals involving land and labor that shaped the social and political development of their colonies as well as their relationships with native populations
- The British colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain's control
- Transatlantic commercial, religious, philosophical, and political exchanges led residents to the British colonies to evolve in their political and cultural attitudes as they came increasingly tied to Britain and one another
- Like other European empires in the Americas that participated in the Atlantic slave trade, the English colonies developed a system of slavery that reflected the specific economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of those colonies.
2.2-2.3 European Colonization and British Colonies
AMSCO-p. 23-35
OpenStax-p. 58-76
OpenStax-p. 58-76
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Jamestown, Virginia Colony-1607
- First established British colony
- Soon disease, drought, swampy conditions, and difficulty growing crops cause more than 2/3 to die of starvation-even cannibalism???
- John Smith is Captain in Powhatan Wars
- John Rolfe marries Pocahontas
- Transforms Colony with tobacco and takes off with use of slave labor
- Not everything went easy for first settlers
- English Colonies-Self Sufficient in comparison to French, Dutch, even Spain
- Headright System
- Settlers granted 50 acres of land
- Individuals may have started as indentured servants before getting their 50 acres
- Settlers granted 50 acres of land
- House of Burgess 1619-Legislative Body of Gentry
- Primary white governing structure, even include white indentured servants and African slaves
AP H.I.P.P.Y.-Sourcing and Situation
Historical Context-What's happening Intended Audience-To whom is the author speaking Purpose-What is the author trying to communicate Point of View-Viewpoint of author Y-Why?-For Why |
Notes
1. Your Reaction? 2. How did Jamestown survive? 3. What did Jamestown colonist learn? |
Plymouth Colony-1620
- 1620 Plymouth Colony-AKA Pilgrims
- Separatists-Separate from Church of England
- Sought Refuge from King in Netherlands then immigrated to New World to keep English Culture but end ties with Church of England
- Very religious lifestyle and very modest
- Many of first settlers also die due to harsh winters
- Mayflower Compact-Town Meetings-Legislative Body
- Modern Democracy in colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony
- 1629 Massachusetts Bay Company "City on a Hill"-Puritan Colony-John Winthrop
- Puritan-Pure-->Non Separatists
- Puritans claimed they were ordained to the land and God approved
- Agriculture focused
- Natives were "wasting" lands
- Little connection to Natives-Not great friends at all
2.3 British Colonies
- Charter Colonies- Elect your own official, land has been granted to them
- Royal Colonies- Royals appoint official. Great Britain in charge
- Proprietary Colonies- Land granted had power given my king
- New England Colonies-Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut-->Charter
- Cold Winters, Rocky soil
- Social Classes were very apparent in NE Colonies
- Stratified society
- Lumber main export but agriculture not as profitable
- Prioritized Education- Harvard and Yale
- Recreated English life
- Tight knit society, family oriented, no leisure or entertainment on Sabbath-very religious
- Middle Colonies-New York, New Jersey-Royal, Pennsylvania, Delaware-->Proprietary,
- Less severe winters
- Diverse Economy-Export economy
- Elite merchant controlled government
- More tolerant of natives
- Export Economy based on cereal crops-->Wheat
- Fur Traders
- Social Class systems- merchants-->shopkeepers-->unskilled labor-->slaved Africans
- Chesapeake/Southern Colonies-Maryland-->Proprietary, Virginia, Carolinas, Georgia-Royal Colony
- Mild climate, lowlands, fertile soil
- Agriculture Economy
- Acts of Toleration (1649)-Tolerant to all Christians but not other religions
- Peaceful haven for Catholics persecuted in England
- Mostly men not families Tobacco Plantations white indentured servants
- Younger population, shorter lifespans
- Much more diverse population
- Very stratified society
- Large Rice, Tobacco, and Indigo-cash crops
- More economic than religious colonies
- Baptist and Methodist settlers--Anglican planters
- Slave Labor-Chattel Slavery focused providing rice to West Indies population and their sugar plantations
- Elite Planters in government control
- Last Georgia-->Defensive buffer from Spanish in Florida and French in Louisiana
2.4 and 2.6 Transatlantic Trade and Slavery in British Colonies
AMSCO p. 37-38
OpenStax p.77-
OpenStax p.77-
Mercantilism- A country's power connects to its wealth-led to increase in Transatlantic Slave Trade
- North-More Diverse economy and industry
- South-Heavily relied on agriculture and labor intensive farming
Navigation Acts- 1651, 1660, 1663 British goods needed to be traded on British ships. British ships to have majority British crew. All European goods from the Colonies had to be sent to England first, and be taxed.
1676 Jamestown Bacon's Rebellion
Note
What are some of the major differences you see between indentured servants and enslaved?
What protections did servants have that enslaved people did not?
What are some of the major differences you see between indentured servants and enslaved?
What protections did servants have that enslaved people did not?
Reading Question
What importance do these sources have understanding Slavery in British Colonies?
What importance do these sources have understanding Slavery in British Colonies?
Resistance to Slavery was very common through:
- Poisoning master's food
- Faking illness
- Slow work
- Breaking tools
- Stealing food
- Rebellion
- Running away
- Maintaining culture
- Blacks Codes creating racial discrimination laws
- Racist Ideas, ignorance, and hate were very present
- Also rebellion were quite common
- Stono Rebellion in SC-->Led to harsh Slave Codes after rebellion
- Stono Rebellion in SC-->Led to harsh Slave Codes after rebellion
Multiple Choice Practice
“[In Virginia] the Negroes live in small cottages called quarters . . . under the direction of an overseer, who takes care that they tend such land as the owner allots and orders. . . . Their greatest hardship [is] consisting in that they and their posterity are not at their own liberty or disposal, but the property of their owners. . . . The children belong to the master of the woman that bears them. . . .
“[The] abundance of [the] English entertain . . . that they are all fools and beggars that live in any [other] country but theirs. This home fondness has been very prejudicial [harmful] to the common sort of English, and has in a great measure [slowed] the plantations from being stocked with such inhabitants as are skillful, industrious, and laborious. . . .
“These [English] servants are but an insignificant number, when compared with the vast shoals [mass] of Negroes who are employed as slaves there to do the hardest and most part of the work.”
Hugh Jones, The Present State of Virginia, 1724
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The labor system described in the first paragraph of the excerpt was most similar to the labor system used for?
2. The development described in the excerpt represented which of the following long-term trends in Virginia?
“[The] abundance of [the] English entertain . . . that they are all fools and beggars that live in any [other] country but theirs. This home fondness has been very prejudicial [harmful] to the common sort of English, and has in a great measure [slowed] the plantations from being stocked with such inhabitants as are skillful, industrious, and laborious. . . .
“These [English] servants are but an insignificant number, when compared with the vast shoals [mass] of Negroes who are employed as slaves there to do the hardest and most part of the work.”
Hugh Jones, The Present State of Virginia, 1724
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The labor system described in the first paragraph of the excerpt was most similar to the labor system used for?
- Mining in New Spain
- Whaling in New England
- Acquiring furs in New France
- Producing sugar in the Caribbean
2. The development described in the excerpt represented which of the following long-term trends in Virginia?
- The hardening of racial divisions
- The oversupply of indentured laborer
- The dominance of subsistence farming
- The Anglicization of colonial culture
2.5 Natives and European Interaction
OpenStax p78-81
- Pilgrims Relationship with Natives starts well-Thanksgiving connections
- Then Natives relationship sour over land ownership
- 1637 Pequot War-Pilgrims set fire to Pequot Tribes homes
- 1675 Metacom a.k.a. King Philip's War-Wampanoag People
- Used other native tribes to fight against Wampanoag-Mohicans
- 16 month conflict ending with conflict destroying way of life, Taking over way of life
- Ending with many native tribes sold in slavery or indentured servitude
- Used other native tribes to fight against Wampanoag-Mohicans
Iroquois Confederacy- 1722 Grouping together tribes to stop the expansion in New York
Pueblo Revolt- 1680 Pueblo uprising against Spanish destroying churches and other buildings and pushing the Spanish out
Pueblo Revolt- 1680 Pueblo uprising against Spanish destroying churches and other buildings and pushing the Spanish out
2.7 Colonial Society and Structure
AMSCO-p. 45-55
OpenStax 78-81, 99-103
OpenStax 78-81, 99-103
Before Enlightenment
Anglicans-Church of England
Puritans-->Congregationalists-->Part of Protestant faiths
New Light-New School of Faith vs Old Light-Old School of Faith
Anglicans-Church of England
Puritans-->Congregationalists-->Part of Protestant faiths
New Light-New School of Faith vs Old Light-Old School of Faith
Enlightenment and Great Awakening
Enlightenment-Intellectual and cultural movement that emphasized Science and Rational Thinking over superstition, religion, and tradition
Great Awakening-Protestant revival that emphasized individual, experiential faith over church doctrine and the close study of scripture
- Natural Rights?? Life? Liberty? Property?-->Social Contract-->Democracy
- Government assist in Natural Rights
- Thinkers like John Locke, Ben Franklin, Isaac Newton
- College education becomes more and more common--Ivy League
Great Awakening-Protestant revival that emphasized individual, experiential faith over church doctrine and the close study of scripture
- America? British Resistance?
Jonathan Edwards-Impactful Preacher-->New Light
George Whitfield-Impactful Preacher-->New Light
George Whitfield-Impactful Preacher-->New Light
- New denominational faiths will come out of Great Awakening-->Baptists, Methodists
- Very new ideology of Natural Rights. That human beings had rights to life, liberty, and property given by a creator not a King/Queen
- Government and the power to govern in the hands the people-->give up rights to government and change if they do not want the government
- Diversity in Religion may lead to diversity in thought?
- Religious printing due to printing press lead to easy spreading of word of God
Zenger Case 1733- Put on trial for libel against New York royal governor. British law said you can not print bad press about a royal because it is a crime, but nothing he wrote was false. Later got acquitted. Landmark case for newspapers freedoms within colonial government
Putting Democracy to the test |
Potential Unit 2 LEQ's
- Evaluate the extent to which imperial goals of the French and of the British fostered differences in their relationship with American Indians in the period 1607-1754
- Evaluate the relative importance of causes of population movement to colonial America in the period 1607-1754
Unit 2 Review
AMSCO Review p.57-67
OpenStax Review p.106-110 |
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Practice DBQ-After Unit 2 Test
No documents are there to fake you out. They are all there for a reason and could be used
A- Answer the question-thesis
C- Cite your claim-Document example
E- Explain/Expand- Provide analysis of your example
C- Cite your claim-Document example
E- Explain/Expand- Provide analysis of your example
C- Cite your claim-Document example
E- Explain/Expand- Provide analysis of your example
C- Cite your claim-Document example
E- Explain/Expand- Provide analysis of your example
Key Notes
- Make sure Thesis is both in intro and conclusion just in case
- Dates are important
- Don't overquote...They want your words!!! Summarize without quote
- Evaluate the importance of one thing to another
- Reuse wording of prompt
- Transitions are important--Context-->Thesis, Claim-->Evidence
- Supporting your thesis will be the difference in your score
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